Types of water pollutions

1. Nutrients Pollution
Some waste water, fertilizers and sewage contain high levels of nutrients. If the nutrients go in the water, they encourage algae(a lot) and weed growth in the water. This make water undrinkable and also kill organisms inside the water. Some algae also create toxins which after being consumed by small fish, these toxins move up to foo chains and hurt larger animals like sea lions, dolphins, birds, and big fishes too. Too much algae will also use up all the oxygen in the water, and other water organisms in the water will die out of oxygen from starvation. Or some fishes or animals have to leave or must die.

Real life example: Lake Eire
http://guardianlv.com/2014/03/lake-erie-algae-blooms-point-out-need-to-limit-phosphorus-pollution/

"Lake-eire-algae." Lake-eire-algae. N.p., n.d. Web.

     
2. Surface water pollution
Surface water includes natural water found on the earth's surface, like rivers, lakes, lagoons and oceans. Surface water pollution is caused by huge amount of garbage we throw. The garbage that we throw goes to landfill, then to ocean or river. The garbage will make the water very dirty. The contaminated water would effect the animals under water and also the plants would get effect when they get water through their roots. And also would harm the soils. The animals would also get harm because some animals could eat the plastic or garbage and get sick. However, it could return to people again. The fish could mistakenly eat the plastic and the people catch that fish and then eat it. The cause of this pollution started from us. If we reuse and reduce our things every day little by little, we could help the animals live in the water and also near the water.

Great Pacific garbage patch.
http://www.ocregister.com/articles/plastic-602048-ocean-problem.html

"Just What Is Floating in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?" The Orange County Register. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

       

3.Chemical Water Pollution
Many industries and farmers work and uses chemicals. It is kind of similar to the oil spillage pollution. The farmers use chemicals to grow their plants faster. All the chemicals they use will end up to water like river or ocean.These chemicals are poisonous to many organisms that live in water like river and oceans. The animals in that area would get killed by the chemicals. Also, metal and solvents are very harmful for the living organism in the water where chemical are released. It makes the development of the living organisms slow. And also a death.

       
4.Oil Spillage
When the accident happen on the ocean, for example the ship wrecked. The ship that carried large amount of oil would all leak out.  The petroleum would harm a lot of things. The birds were no longer able to fly if their wings were stick to the oil. If birds cannot fly, it will be no longer able to live. The fishes die. So their gills and feathers gets ineffective. There would be no organisms can live in the area. Once the oil spills, it takes a lot of time to get them back. 

Real life example: Bp oil spill
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13123036/

"Oil Spill." Oil Spill. N.p., n.d. Web.

Real life example: Florida 2010 BP oil spill.
http://www.bradenton.com/2014/03/11/5039425/florida-still-in-grip-of-2010.html

"Bradenton Herald." Florida Still in Grip of 2010 BP Oil Spill. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

               

              
source
http://eschooltoday.com/pollution/water-pollution/types-of-water-pollution.html

"What Are the Various Types of Water Pollution?" What Are the Various Types of Water Pollution? N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

http://www2.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/effects-environment

"EPA." The Effects: Environment. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

What is soil?

Soil make life

• Plants grow
• Plants-feed almost every livingthings (directly&indirectly)

Life makes soil

• Soil dwellers bactteria ,etc
• Soil recycle once-living organism into nutrients &soil
• Organic matter (humus)

"Without soils life would not exist as we know it"


Soils Breathe

• Organism in the soil respire.
• Most of them take in oxygen to do their work.
• They give carbon dioxide off (like us)

Skin of Earth

• skin of earth-soil
• Soil-mixture of air, minerals, water, decaying remainings of life, and coutless living organisms.
• Many different soils
• Soile-alive
• They age, and breathe
• everywhere in our daily life.

"Different soil “recipes” yield different soils, depending on various “ingredients,” soil-forming factors, and time."

• Soil forms when sediment, organic matter, or rock is deposited or exposed (by water wind or ice)
• Soil develop-as the time goes, by climate, soill organisms, & terrain.
• Soil take shape - water moves minerals & elements from one layer to another, as living organisms take out nutrients, new nutrients form.

• Climate-temperature or etc
• Organisms- borrowing animals & enzyme bacteria & fungi.
• Relief- topography -slope
• Parent material- chemical composition of original inweathered rock
• Time- weathering alsp depends on age(older soils are more weathered than a younger one)

Weathering

Weathering 1

• Terms that describe processes that break down rock in earth's surface.
• Two main classes of weathering process.

• Mechanical

• tear rocks apart by physically destroying them.
• physically fracture or pull rocks apart at large(outcrops, cliffs) scale or small(prying individual mineral grains apart.
• produces smaller fragments with no change in chemicals.
• Weathering processes
• frost wedging
• exfoliation
• thermal expansion
• contraction
• crystal growth
• tree root growth
• abrasion.
• Frost wedging
• Wedging- a fracture(crack) in a rock provides ice with a lot of leverage.
• Temperature go low - upper surface of water freezes first because it is in contact with air.
• The ice cannot expand upward because the surface is already frozen solid.
• So, the ice exerts force outward on the rock as it grows.
• Freeze/thaw
• freezing can wedge the fracture open tiny amount.
• So, it takes many cycles of freezing and thawing with filling the fracture each time to break a piece of rock.
• Exfoliation
• term that describes peeling layers.
• sheets of rock fall aoff from bar rock
• The sheets of rock that fell out from the bare rock are called exfoliation slabs.
• rocks break off due to erosion and it is called "unloading"
• and the water can be entered then frost wedging can process.
• The most common rock igneous rock such as granite.
• exfoliation occurs mostly in mountain regions.
• Thermal Expansion
• crystals of rock also expands when they are repeated heat and be cooled.
• But this expansion and a contraction can loosen grains of a rock and enough to cause weathering.
• Rocks are poor conductors of heat.
• Grain by grain breakage maks this a slow process.
• Crystal Growth
• salt crystals grows in rock fractures or small porse between sedimentary grains causes rock to break.
• This happens when the slalty water gets into the rocks and later evaporate.
• Tree roots
• Wedging phenomenon
• Caused by tree
• grow in the fracture
• stress break rock
• Abrasion
• simply mechanism of rocks breaking or wearing down by the direct actons of rocks.
• Rock falling down the cliff-the rock break into pecies.

• Chemical   

• break down rocks atom by atom.
• chemical reactions.
• water- carries charged atoms or molecules.
• chemical weathering process
• Dissolution
• Oxidation
• Hydrolysis

• Climate and weathering

• Intimately involved in the processes of weathering.
• Hot & wet climate condition - chemical weathering.
• Cold - Physical weathering.
• Dry region- slower weathering.
• "Rain shadow" produces when air mass dries out and mountains and plains receive less water.

Weathering 2

• 3 types of weathering
• Physical
• Physical changes such as temperature, freezing and thawing, and the effects of wind, rain and waves.
• Temperature changes
• Hot -expands
• Cold - contracts
• This repeat, the rock cracks and fall off.
• Wind rain and waves.
• Wind-blows tiny sands against the rock.
• Rain, wave- wear the rock for long period of time.
• Freeze/Thaw
• If the water freezes in the crack, the ice expands and make the crack fall.
• Chemical- wear by chemical
• Biological- wear by plants and animal.
• Erosion:  Movement of the broken pieces of rock going away from the site of weathering.
• Transport: Rivers and streams move pieces of rock.