EARTHQUAKE!!!

Valdiva Earthquake/Great Chilean Earthquake!!!

In Sunday 22 May 1960, the most powerful eartquake had struck Chile. It was measured to 9.5 on the magnitude scale. The tremor of earthquake caused tsunami, chilean coast wave were high up to 25 meters (82ft). And tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia, and the Aleutian Islands. The epicenter was near Lumaco. The total death of people were estimated to 5700 death. It cost 400 to 800US dollor for infraststucture. (13146.80~26293.60 Thai Baht ).



  

Polar Vortex-Mini Research

Polar Vortex

Polar Vortex are extreme cold wind which came from the Arctic(north pole) whipped United States this year. Right now our world is getting so cold caused by Polar Vortex. However, the most effect went on Mid-East of the world which is United States. The temperature went like about -37C to -52C. People in United states have to take good care of their skin because they could freeze. Even Egypt snowed, that was a big surprise. U.S was this cold!!, the bubbles can be frozen when you blow into the air. The hot water you boil it just now freezes and changes it into a snow soon as you throw outdoor. The egg represents our skin. They experiment how many minutes will take to freeze the egg, it took only 5 minutes! So, this shows that when you stay more than 5 minutes outdoor, your skin will be dangerous. One of the three waterfalls Niagara Falls froze from -52C temperature. About 190 million people have been affected from the weather of Polar vortex.

Sources-

http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/pictures-niagara-falls-frozen-polar-3003781

http://web.orange.co.uk/article/news/niagara_falls_freeze_as_polar_vortex_moves_north

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_vortex

http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/polar-vortex-top-six-experiments-freezing-cold-temperatures-1431478

                      

   

Note taking pg 198-211

• There were one scientist who looked at the pieces of puzzle wad Alfred Wegener.
• 1900s- he wrote hypothesis about continental drift.
• Continental drift also explains why fossils of plants or animals same found on many different places.
• Continental drift is the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up and drifted to their present location.

Pangaea

• 245 million years ago.
• Pangaea existed
• Was surrounded by a sea named panthalassa.
• 180 years ago.
• Pangaea broke into two big parts
• northern- Laurasia
• southern-Gondwana
• 65 million years ago.
• Dinosaur extinct.
• Laurasia and Gondwana split into more smaller pieces.

Sea-Floor Spreading

• Mid-Ocean Ridges and sea-floor spreading
• Mid-underwater mountain chains that runs through Earth`s ocean basins.
• The process of which new oceanic lithosphere(crust) forms as magma that rises toward the surface and solidifies.
• if tectonic plates move apart from each other, the sea floor fills with magma.
• After the new crust forms, old crust gets pushed away from Mid-Ocean ridge.
• Evidence of sea-floor spreading comes from magnetic reversals.
• early history-north./south magnetic poles changed for many times.
• Magnetic poles change, called magnetic reversal.

Plate tectonics

• Plate tectonics- the theory that explains how large pieces of earth`s crust change shape and move.
• Convergent boundary- formed by a collision of two lithosphere plates.
• Divergent boundary- when two tectonic plates move away.
• Transform boundary- when two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.

Possible movements of tectonic plates.

• Ridge push- Because the oceanic lithosphere is higher than it is, it slides down under the force of the gravity.
• Slab pull-edge of the tectonic plate that contains oceanic lithosphere, it pulls tectonic plate. Because oceanic lithosphere is denser than asthenosphere.
• Convection-causes the oceanic lithosphere move sideways and away from the mid-ocean ridge.

GPS- Global Positioning System.

Deformation

• Compression-squeezed;two tectonic plates collide. ;If compression occurs at a convergent boundary, large mountains can form.
• Tension-force act to stretch an object; two tectonic plates gets apart.

• Volcanic mountains-convergent area; convergent boundary sinks into asthenospere at subduction zone.

Faulting

• : A break in a body of rocks which slides relative each another.
• Normal faults- occur when tectonic forces causes tension which pulls the rocks apart*.
• Reverse Faults-occur when forces causes compression which push the rocks together.

science compain proj. group

MEDIA
Sid-bring camera
Tasha-music and styles
Soohee/Anmol/palak-dance
Matthew-vedio taping

"Bag it" Reflection 2

It was such a amazing film. It showed us exactly how is the plastic is harmful to us also environment and animal. After I watched all the film, i was so shocked that I didn't even want to touch the plastic. Also, I started to realize that around us, most of the things are made out of plastic. For example, plastic bottles, plastic bag, cup(coffee or hot water), aluminum can and a lot of more. I heard that there are plastics flowing to water, river to ocean. So, giant patch of plastics are in North pacific ocean and more. The giant patches of plastics killed a lot of marine animals. For example, most of the turtle species eats jelly fish. However, if they see plastic bag on the water, it kind a looks like jelly fish so if they eat that, it will be harmful for them. About the plastic that have toxic shock me too. So, I've decide to use less plastic, get your own bag, and recycle plastics.

               

"Bag It" Reflection 1

Today I watched a movie that is actually about "plastic bags". It tells about how much plastic is bad to us as well as our environment. Plastic bags will never be gone. It is made out of fossil fuels. This relates to Earth science.The topic that we learned about. Which is, energy sources. Energy sources contain Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and alternative energy. The biggest problem of the plastic it is pollution. I heard that 500 billion of plastic bags were made. It causes pollution to the air, water, etc. But it mostly pollutes ocean. The cause of the pollution from plastic made countries start to use paper bag or their own bag instead of plastic bag. So, nowadays many countries are banned to use plastic bags. Not only plastic bags, there are plastic bottles, aluminum can, plastic cups, etc. They were all used but thrown right away. I did not understand why people are making plastic if they are going to be thrown away in short time of period.(?) I think using paper bag is the best because it could be recycled over and over ( can be used a lot of time). However, also paper bag harms environment because to make paper bags they would have to cut down the trees. To sum up, it is relating what we learned and I would want everyone to recycle plastics. Then it will help our Earth to be GREEN.



         

Note taking exercise- Energy

      What is Energy?

• Energy- Everything we do like jump shot, baking cookies, and turning on the light.
• There are two types of energy

• 1.Stored energy- also called as potential energy, food you eat.
• Your body will store energy when you are eating and use it when you run, jump, play or etc.
• 2.Working energy- also called kinetic energy, when you are running, jumping and playing.
• Faster run,-more kinetic energy you have.
• Same as molecules, atoms and waves of sound and light.

       How is Energy generated?

• Biomass Energy

• Renewable
• Homegrown energy source
• Includes tress, farm crops, manure, plants and landfill gas.
• US biomass create 34% of all energy we use.

• Coal

• Creates more than half electricity by Americans.
• 1/4 of coals are from United states.
• Recoverable oil

• Gas

• Burned to used-clean burning
• natural gas became the fuel of choice for new power plants.
• became Increasingly popular 
• use gas turbines and combustion engines ti generate electricity

• Geothermal

• underground reservoirs of stream, hot water and dry rocks 
• It is produce electricity by extracting hot water or steam

• Hydrogen

• actually hydrogen is energy carrier
• but it can create power.
• It is environmentally clean fuel.
•  = Create electricity when hydrogen and oxygen converts to the water

• Nuclear Power

• generates energy similar to fossil fuel plant
• Nuclear power generates by heat

• Solar power

• It is available anywhere on earth
• It provides heat, cooling, lighting, mechanical power, hot water heater, etc
• Solar panel is the flat model used to provide energy by using this.

• Water

• can be used to generate electricity
• does not pollute earth(little)
• it is renewable
• if u dam river or ocean it will make fish or animals that are living in the water.

• Wind

• It is form of solar energy.
• It generates energy by mechanical power.

What is electricity?

• Is the flow of electrical power or change.
• secondary energy source
• what we get after we convert primary sources 
• coal
• natrual gas
• oil
• nuclear power
• and etc
• Primary sources- can be renewable or non-renewable 
• Electricity- neither renewable nor non-renewable

• Green/Alternative Energy in South California

• In California 1.6% electricity are renewable energy
• E.g wood
• black
• liquor
•  waster 
• landfill methane 
• etc.
• California have been using hydropowder to generate electricity since 1942