My volcano erupted!

Girl rising reflection

    After I watched this documentary/movie, I realized there are many children that cannot even go to the school because money. So, I felt that we are the lucky ones that are going to school.I liked how Wadley does hard work to go school after the earthquake. Wadley didn't have money for paying the small school. So she kept on going but the teacher didn't let. However, wadley didn't give up she kept on going and wanted to be educated. Finally the teacher allowed her. I was very moved by this stories.

GIrl Rising notes.

-There are many girls that are not allowed or not able to have education.
-Because they didn`t get educated, some part of the country, girls get raped.
-Also,there are girls that have to live a painful life because they don't have anough money.
-Parents cannot send their children to school because they are poor.
-Some part of the country, girls are forced to marry young and get a baby all because of their culture.

Quake Down Simulation Conclusion

Based on your experience, what advice would you give to architects who design buildings in earthquake zones?

-I would advice them to make the building wider and short as possible to make it strong to stand the earthquake.

What are some limitations of your earthquake model? (meaning, what went wrong?)

-Our model was to tall and narrow also, we rushed a little bit so it collapsed in a second.

How could your research have an impact on society?

-It will make the building more protective and many people does not need to worry about building falling when the earthquake happens.

Science VOLCANO!! Page 250~and on

-Volcanoes are the area of Earth's surface which magma and gases pass through.
-During an eruption, a molten rock, magma, is forced.
-When it flows out to the Earth's surface, it is called "Lava".
-Volcanoes can erupt on land or ocean.
-there are explosive and non-explosive eruptions.

Explosive
-Very destructive
-Ash, clouds of hot debris, gas shoots out during an explosive eruption.
-causes molten rock into many particles and hardens in the air.
-The ash can reach the upper atmosphere and stay on earth for a years.
-Can blast millions of tons of lava.
-Can make the mountain collapse.

Non-Explosive.
-Most common type of eruption.
-Lava flows calm
-Some places are covered with lava because of the Non-explosive eruptions.
-e.g. Northwest region of U.S

What is inside a Volcano?
-Magma Chamber= Body of a molten rock it is located deep underground.
-Magma rises from the magma chamber through a crack of earth`s crust.
-And then through the openings called the vents.

What is Magma made from?

-The composition of the magma affects how do they erupt.

-Silica, Water, and Gas.

 

-Water &magma = Explosive combination

-Silica-rich Magma traps Explosive gases.

-From volcanoes. lava erupts.

-Lava/ Pyroclastic material.

-Lava-liquid magma.

-Pyroclastic material=magma hardens when they are blasted.

-Non-explosive mostly magma only.

-Explosive mostly Pyroclastic material.

 

Types of Lava

-High Viscosity- stiff

-Low Viscosity- fluid

-Blocky lava&Pahoehoe= high viscosity -flow slowly.

-Aa & Pillow Lava=Low viscosity-flow quickly.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Types of Pyroclastic Material

-Volcanic bombs-large blobs of magma

-Lapilli- pebble like; little stones

-Volcanic Blocks-largest piece;

-Volcanic Ash-form when gases in stiff magma expand rapidly and gas bubbles explode in to tiny glasslike silvers.

 

Pyroclastic Flows

-Dangerous flow

-produced by enormous amounts of hot ash, dust,etc.

-temperature about 700 degrees.

-Rundown hill fast as hurricane. (200km/h)

Volcanic eruption cont.
-Volcanic eruption can affect the climate change.
-The ash and gases are ejected into the upper atmosphere.
-They also can block the sunlight and drop the temperature down.

SHEILD VOLCANO
-shield volcanoes are built of layers of lava.
-Which were released from the non explosive eruption.
-Over time, the layers of lava creates a volcano that has gently sloping sides.
CINDER CONE VOCANO
-made by pyroclastic material
-produced by non explosive eruption.
-usually small
-erupts for short time
-occur clusters (often)(sides of volcano)
-erode quickly.
COMPOSITE VOLCANOES
-sometimes called Stratovolcanoes.
-common type
-form from explosive eruption of pyroclatic material and lava.
-steep form the top
-some volcanoes.
   Mount Fuji
   Mount Rainier
   Mount shasta
   Mount St. Helens

-craters:funnel shapped pit near the top off the central vent off volcanoe.
-caldera:large, semicircular depression -forms when magma chamber is emty and cause ground above to sink.
-Lava Plateau: wide, flat landform- it is the result from repeated non-explosive eruption- spread over large area.

The formation of magma.
-How magma forms=why volcanoes erupt.
-Magma
-deeper regions of crust
-And upper most layer of the mantle where temperature and the pressure is very high.
-Change in pressure&temperature=magma form.

Pressure and temperature
-Upper mantle-made out of very hot, puttylike rock that flows slowly.
-Mantle is h0t enough to melt an Earth's surface.
-However, it remains puttylike magma because of the pressure.
-The weight of the rock above mantle pressure atoms of the mantle close together that rock cannot melt.

Magma formation in the Mantlee
-Common=decreased in pressure-magma formation.
-Once formed-magma is less dense than the surrounding rocks-so magma rises.

-locations of the volcanoes-how volcanoes form
-It lies directly above the tectonic plates boundaries.
-Plate boundaries that is surrounding Pacific ocean have many volcanoe-so it is called the ring of fire.
-Tectonic boundaries-collide,seperate, slide(tectonic plates.)
-Deep crack between the divergent boundaries are called "rift zone".
-Rises trough the rift(Magma)
-Causes new (ocenic) crust

 Mid Ocean Ridge
-Magma flows under rift zone produces volcanoes and mountain chains Mid ocean ridge.
-Place where new crust forms.
-Earth is circled with mid-ociean ridge.
-Most volcanic activity on earth occurs in Mid ocean Ridge.

When tetonic Plates Collide
-Either one will go up and down
-Convergent boundary- collide
-When oceanic collides with continental, oceanic usually goes underneath.
-Subduction-movement of one tectonic plate underneath another.
-When the oceanic plate pases(slides) under continental plate, the temperature and the pressure increases.
-This causes the water in oceanic plate released and be mixed with mantle rock.
-Then it will lower the melting point.
-Hotspot:volcanically active area of earth's suface on the tectonic plate boundary.
-Some scientist think that hot sopt is directly on the mantle plums.(Rising magma)
-Volcanoes are classified in 3 ways.
:Extinct-did not erupt and no record of erupting in history. Also,probally not erupting again.
:Active-currently erupting/shows signals of erupting of the future.
:Dormant-currently erupting volcanoes. They might erupt again(high possibility)

-Most active volcanoes have small earthquakes.
-Rock to shift-earthquake.
-MOnitoring these quakes- best way to predict the eruption.
-Instrument:tiltmeter
1.it helps scientists detect small changes in the angle of the volcanoes slope.
2.Also use satellite(GPS)
3.Changes of slope- some may be signal for an eruption.